Increased sensorimotor noise in Tourette syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by the occurrence of vocal and motor tics. The pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome has been linked to a substantial reduction in the number of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons found within the striatum, which may lead to increased neural 'noise' within the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit implicated in movement production. In the current study, we used EEG to investigate increased neural noise in a group of 19 adults with Tourette syndrome compared to a matched neurotypical control group. We operationalized neural noise in this study as increased trial-by-trial variability in the magnitude and/or the timing of responses to a discrete somatosensory stimulation event. Specifically, we examined trial-by-trial variability in responses to a single pulse of median nerve electrical stimulation. Our results demonstrate that the P100 somatosensory evoked potential, which has been associated with conscious perception of tactile stimuli, was significantly increased in the Tourette syndrome group. Importantly, however, while the timing, temporal variability and spatial topography of early- and mid-latency somatosensory evoked potential components (e.g. N20, P45, N60, P100) did not differ in the Tourette syndrome group, when compared to matched controls, trial-by-trial variability was substantially increased in the Tourette syndrome group, but this was normalized in response to stimulation. These findings may indicate that the trial-by-trial recruitment of neuronal sensorimotor populations is less stable at rest in individuals with Tourette syndrome compared to controls but may normalize in response to stimulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".