Dispersal of an invasive cyprinid: movement patterns correlated with morphology but not a lab-expressed behavioural syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dispersal behaviour has important consequences for biological invasions. We assessed morphological and lab-based behavioural traits to test for a behavioural syndrome associated with dispersal in Common Carp, a highly invasive fish. We then correlated these dispersal traits with the opportunistic breaching of a fish barrier and broader movement in the wild. Common Carp were captured attempting to disperse into Cootes Paradise Marsh, a protected wetland in Ontario, Canada. Individual variation was characterized by geometric morphometrics (n = 300) and behavioural trials (n = 44) in a subsample of fish. Video-recorded trials captured measures of boldness, activity, and sociability. A subset of fish (n = 10) were acoustically tagged and released to measure monthly movement patterns. Habitat conditions varied widely in the field, and a rare flooding event allowed fish to bypass a barrier and enter Cootes Paradise Marsh. A multivariate mixed model was used to describe among-individual trait correlations. Common Carp expressed a behavioural syndrome in the lab, where bold individuals were also active and social, but this syndrome was not correlated with morphology or repeatable wild movement. Three telemetry-tracked Common Carp bypassed the fish barrier and entered the protected wetland. Barrier breaching was correlated with monthly distance travelled and negatively correlated with dispersal distance. Other individuals preferred the warm-water canals of the Hamilton Harbour industrial shoreline, where proximity to industry was correlated with a slender body-depth morphology. This study identified a behavioural syndrome, while also identifying traits linked to barrier breaching and potential trade-offs for fish in highly industrialized environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".