Perceived health, psychological distress and quality of life in 8415 adults with congenital heart disease from 32 countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasing. Research on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) predominantly originates from high-income countries, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the true global burden of CHD from the patient perspective. Therefore, we described perceived health, psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) in a large sample of adults with CHD from the globe and explored the relationship between PROs and the income level of the countries. METHODS: Assessment of Patterns of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease-International Study II (APPROACH-IS II) represents an international cross-sectional investigation of PROs in 8415 patients from 53 centres across 32 countries. Patients completed questionnaires to measure perceived health status (RAND-12 Health Survey; EuroQOL-5D Visual Analog Scale); depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-8, PHQ-8); anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7) and QoL (Linear Analog Scale). Gross National Income per capita in US dollars was used for stratifying countries according to income levels. RESULTS: Large intercountry disparities in PROs were observed. Switzerland demonstrated the highest mean scores for physical functioning, self-rated health and QoL, while Senegal had the lowest scores. Patients from Malta demonstrated the highest mean scores for mental health, and Senegal had the lowest scores. With regard to depressive symptoms and anxiety, Pakistan had the lowest mean scores, while Turkey had the highest scores. Patients from high-income nations reported significantly better physical functioning, mental functioning and QoL. CONCLUSION: Large intercountry disparities in PROs were observed. APPROACH-IS II is a pioneering international endeavour that comprehensively evaluated PROs among adults with CHD, drawing participants from nations with different income levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04902768.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".