Neuromodulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus in bipolar disorder to target response inhibition: a proof-of-concept study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) affects over 1% of the population and is characterized by deficits in response inhibition. Response inhibition, a crucial component of executive functions, involves the ability to suppress or withhold a planned or ongoing response that is no longer required or appropriate in a given context. Response inhibition may be dissociated into three subcomponents: interference inhibition, action withholding, and action cancellation. These subcomponents are assessed using the hybrid response inhibition (HRI) task. Previous research has shown that inhibitory control is strongly lateralized to the right hemisphere. Specifically, the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is a key node underpinning response inhibition and might be amenable to neuromodulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the effects of rTMS targeting the rIFG on response inhibition in individuals with BD and controls. METHODS: = 12) immediately before and after intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous TBS to modulate cortical excitability of the rIFG. RESULTS: The response inhibition subcomponent "action withholding" was significantly improved in the HRI task following iTBS in the BD group. No other significant effects were observed in the results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to show that iTBS to the rIFG neuromodulated a specific subcomponent of response inhibition in BD. Further research investigating the potential therapeutic effect of neuromodulation of the rIFG in BD is warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".