Ground heat exchanger sizing using borehole outlet transfer function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sizing equations offer an efficient method for sizing ground heat exchangers, and they generally rely on the finite line source model to construct g-functions that represent ground temperature response. However, g-functions describe temperature at the borehole wall, excluding thermal exchange effects inside the borehole. This study employs transfer functions defined at the borehole outlet of a ground heat exchanger as an alternative ground response model, thus incorporating all borehole components and thermal exchange processes. Three new sizing equations for different heat pulse definitions using transfer functions are introduced, as well as a minimization algorithm that enables iterative optimization of the borehole length considering heat pump operational constraints. Key results demonstrate that the newly developed approaches lead to smaller borehole lengths, with an average reduction of 6% when compared to established methods. Furthermore, numerical verification of the proposed transfer functions using a 3D numerical model is provided, as well as a comparative analysis of temperature predictions from transfer functions and g-functions. The analysis demonstrates that the proposed sizing approaches are robust alternatives to ones using g-functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".