The role of constipation in the development of dyslipidemia in the elderly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim. To assess chronic constipation as a pathogenetic factor in the development and exacerbation of dyslipidemia in elderly and senile patients, with a focus on mechanisms involving gut microbiota dysbiosis and endotoxemia. Materials and Methods . A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using a study selection flowchart. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2010-2024) using the keywords: “chronic constipation,” “dyslipidemia,” “elderly,” “gut microbiota,” “endotoxemia,” “lipid metabolism,” and their synonyms. Of 2,468 identified records, 31 studies were included after removing duplicates (n = 634) and irrelevant articles (n = 1,803). Included studies were original (cohort or crosssectional), reviews, and randomized controlled trials focusing on elderly (≥ 65 years) or mixed cohorts with extrapolated data. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS ≥5), ROBINS-I, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A narrative data synthesis was applied. Results. Chronic constipation contributes to dysbiosis (i.e., decreased Firmicutes, increased Bacteroidetes, and reduced levels of shortchain fatty acids), which in turn increases intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia (i.e., elevated circulating lipopolysaccharides, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF-α). These changes disrupt lipid metabolism, leading to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels that results in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke) with a hazard ratio of 1.34. Dysbiosis may also increase the risk of key geriatric syndromes such as frailty syndrome and sarcopenia. Probiotic supplementation was associated with increased stool frequency (by 1.3 times/week), and polyphenol intake was linked to reduced zonulin levels and improved lipid profiles (decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Conclusion. Constipation in individuals over 65 years of age represents a systemic risk factor for dyslipidemia through its effects on dysbiosis and endotoxemia. Modulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics and polyphenols holds promise, but long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.031 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".