University students’ anticipated stigma toward individuals with hereditary chronic diseases in oman: a cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stigma is an experienced or anticipated social practice or negative labeling described as the blame or rejection of a person or group of people. Chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS could result in stigma and contribute to negative health outcomes. An individual with chronic disease may experience public stigma from family members, coworkers, friends, or healthcare staff, especially those with hereditary diseases. There are few published articles concerning hereditary chronic diseases that recognize this issue in Oman. This study aims to assess university students' anticipated stigma toward individuals with hereditary chronic diseases. Stigma is defined as negative labeling described as the blame or rejection of a person or group of people. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed at a higher education institution aged 18-30 years via a self-administered questionnaire. The study assessed university students' anticipated stigma toward individuals with hereditary chronic diseases using the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS), which has been adapted in this context to explore attitudes in a non-patient population A total of 407 students completed the survey. The majority (93.9%) of respondents were male, and 42.5% were 21 to 24 years of age. RESULTS: The main findings of this study are that the anticipated stigma is high towards chronic hereditary diseases and Coworkers and employers were found to stigmatize patients with the chronic disease more than health care providers, family members, and friends. The majority (63.1%) of participants anticipated stigma with hereditary chronic diseases. Those who do not suffer from hereditary chronic diseases have a higher anticipated stigma than those who do suffer from hereditary chronic diseases. The highest mean scores were in the category of coworkers and employers (M = 9.55 ± 2.994), followed by the health care providers (M = 9.15 ± 3.433). The lowest scores were for family and friends (M = 8.46 ± 2.935). Students who did not suffer from hereditary chronic diseases (F (1,404) = 4.328, p =.038), students who were unaware of the premarital screening (PMS) (F (2,402) = 3.385, p =.035), and those who were unwilling to undergo PMS (F (1,405) = 9.342, p =.002) showed higher stigma scores. CONCLUSIONS: Providing supportive help for individuals with hereditary chronic illnesses is imperative and needs to be incorporated within their plan of care. Further studies are needed to investigate all these factors and how they are related to the stigma of chronic diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".