A physiologically based kinetic model for quantifying human exposure to DEET
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is an active ingredient of insect repellents that are applied on skin against mosquitoes and ticks. We developed a human PBK model of DEET and 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA, a primary metabolite of DEET). The PBK model was used to interpret a biomonitoring study of DEET in children. METHODS: The model was built in three steps. First, systemic models of DEET and DCBA were built and linked based on in vitro and in vivo data and in silico predictions. Second, a mechanistic dermal absorption model of DEET was developed and optimized based on in vitro permeation test (IVPT) data. Finally, the systemic model was linked to the dermal model. Predictions of the integrated model were evaluated using in vivo dermal exposure study data. This model was used to interpret urine concentrations of DEET following use of DEET containing repellents by children at a summer camp. RESULTS: The model (i.e., combined dermal and systemic models) whose urinary predictions were within the 2-fold range was used to simulate the time-course profile of DEET; results were compared against data from a previously published pharmacokinetic study. The estimated typical amount of applied DEET at the summer camp over 24 h was 69.0 mg with a predicted dermal bioavailability of 24.2 %. CONCLUSION: A PBK model of DEET and DCBA was developed and validated in humans by integrating publicly available data. The external dose of DEET was estimated using the PBK model, and the calculated margin of exposure is above the level of concern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".