Bibliographic record
Abstract
Activation volume is an essential factor to determine the strain rate of martensitic steel, however it has not been discussed extensively. The activation volume during creep is analytically formulated as a function of average activated moving dislocation density (ΚρaX) inside a small region, e.g., a sub-grain, assuming the slip motion of dislocations. For Grade T91 steel, the activation volumes (V’s) for time to a specific creep strain and time to rupture are calculated by applying an exponential law to the temperature, stress, and time parameters during creep. The ΚρaX’s obtained using the calculated activation volumes are compared with the observed dislocation densities (Ρob’s). ΚΡaX at a strain of 0.2% is roughly 10% of the initial ρob, and the ratio of ΚρaX / ρob increases toward a value smaller than 1 at rupture because of recovery. These results and the strain energy consideration indicate that all dislocations inside a limited number of lath martensite begin to slip or a considerable number of packets remain undeformed immediately after loading. Subsequently, a large number of dislocations are accumulated on the boundaries of the concerned lath martensite, block, and packet, promoting the recovery and precipitation reactions around the crept area. Consequently, heterogeneity of deformation at the beginning of creep is mitigated gradually with progressing creep. The above documents coincide with a proposed model of the activation process for creep.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".