Baseline Serum Osteopontin (OPN) Level Is Associated with Early Coronary Artery Calcification and its Progression in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives To determine the incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) To determine whether OPN serum levels are associated with progression of CAC in SLE patients.[1,2] Methods Inception Cohort. Since enrollment into the cohort, all patients had a standardized medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including lipid profile, apoB, homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum complement (C3 and C4), and autoantibodies. Every 3-6 months, patients were seen at the lupus clinic for medical care, and assessments of disease activity using the SLE disease activity scores, and medications usage. Every year, information was updated, including lupus characteristics, damage accrual, any comorbidities, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and a blood sample has been drawn. In 2008, 104 lupus patients from the cohort (93% females) were screened for coronary artery calcifications using Multidetector Computed Tomography, after first 5 years of follow-up. In 2018 a follow-up screening for CAC was carried up. Progression of CAC was considered positive if i) patients without CAC in 2008 were found with CAC+ in the second screening or ii) patients with CAC positive in 2008 were found with any increase of their Calcium Score. OPN plasma levels were measured by ELISA. Correlates for calcifications were analyzed. Cumulative incidence of CAC was calculated and risk factors for CAC progression were identified by multivariate analysis. Results At enrollment, lupus patients were 27.2+9.1 years of age and disease duration 5.4+3.8 months. On 2008 during the first CT screening, CAC were detected in 7.2% of patients, since age 23 years, and from 3 years of disease duration. At follow-up screening, progression of CAC was identified in 16.3% (IC95% 10.4-24.6). Cumulative incidence of CAC was observed in 9%. Mean value of OPN level at baseline was 102.7 ng/mL (95% CI = 89.3-116.1 ng/mL). Earlier Risk factors associated with CAC were disease activity (p=0.03) and disease duration (p=0.03) while risk factors for progression of CAC were postmenopausal status (p=0.01), apoB levels (p=0.01) and OPN levels (p=0.009). There was a positive correlation for progression of CAC and adjusted mean SLEDAI at first 5 years of follow-up and baseline OPN levels (p=0.006). Conclusion Our findings suggest that in patients with SLE, early CAC is associated with disease severity while in the progression of CAC, traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and OPN level were adding. [1.] Bathon JM. Arthritis Res Ther 2023;25(1):213. [2.] Kadoglou NPE. Biomedicines 2023;11(12):3178.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".