Organometallic-type reactivity of stable organoboronates for selective (hetero)arene C−H/C-halogen borylation and beyond
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organometallic reagents are essential tools in both academic and industrial laboratories and the polarity separation within the carbon-metal bonds endows them with exceptional reactivities, but also imposes limitations, including air- and moisture-sensitivity, and flammability. Here, we demonstrate that stable and easily accessible benzylic (or allylic) boronate with alkali-metal alkoxide as the activator can act as reactive organometallic reagents. This strategy enables transition metal-free deprotonative C−H borylation of diverse (hetero)arenes. The polar organometallic nature of this process enables predictable and site-selective borylation by targeting the arenes’s most acidic C−H bond. This approach can be coupled with Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to produce C−H arylation products. We have also applied this strategy to the dehalogenative borylation of aryl bromides and anionic polymerization of styrenes. Given the unique stability and structural diversity of organoboronates, their organometallic-type reactivities show promise as a powerful alternative to synthetic methodologies that rely on sensitive organometallic reagents. The polarity separation within the carbon-metal bonds of traditional organometallic reagents that endows them with exceptional reactivities also imposes limitations, such as air and moisture sensitivity, and flammability. Here, the authors demonstrate that stable and easily accessible benzylic (or allylic) boronate with mild alkali-metal alkoxide as the activator can act as organometallic reagents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".