Hydrogen Peroxide Augments the Disinfection Efficacy of 280 nm Ultraviolet LEDs against Antibiotic-Resistant Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Otherwise Tolerant to Germicidal Irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The 280 nm ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) has emerged as a promising water disinfection technology and has been applied from point-of-use devices to municipal-scale systems. Accumulating evidence suggests that small numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can survive UV treatment; however, little research has been done to evaluate 280 nm UV alone or as part of advanced oxidation processes against these organisms. Here, we investigated 280 nm UV LED inactivation of a high-risk uropathogenic Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) strain belonging to clade A of the globally distributed, antimicrobial-resistant ST131 lineage known to persist in treated wastewater (ST131-A). We measured disinfection efficacy with and without hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and assessed the reactivation of the treated bacteria in the light and dark. Our bench-scale modeling revealed that ST131-A displays UV tolerance, requiring 2.8 times more UV dose (35 mJ/cm 2 ) for 6-log 10 inactivation compared to the reference strain E. coli ATCC 25922 (12.5 mJ/cm 2 ). Furthermore, we observed ∼1% photoreactivation of E. coli ST131-A even after UV doses of 90 mJ/cm 2, which is significantly greater than the operational minimums reported for the world’s first 280 nm UV wastewater treatment plant. Analysis of a genome-edited bacterial model ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) suggests that bacterial reactivation following 280 nm UV treatment is linked to photolyase activity. The addition of 10–200 mg/L H 2 O 2 increased the inactivation of E. coli ST131-A 6,000–300,000-fold compared to UV or H 2 O 2 treatments alone, respectively. Chemical and microbiological analyses revealed that the mechanism of increased inactivation by combined treatments relied on UV photolysis of H 2 O 2 to generate hydroxyl radicals and residual H 2 O 2 activity that inhibited bacterial reactivation after treatment. Our findings suggest that some E. coli ST131 strains possess high UV tolerance, and that UV/H 2 O 2 treatment may effectively inactivate these multidrug- and UV-tolerant uropathogenic strains and thwart their reactivation in treated water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".