Feeding novel low vicine and covicine, mid- or zero-tannin faba bean cultivars on energy, starch, protein and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vicine and covicine content of faba bean cotyledons can induce favism, a haemolytic anaemia in humans with an erythrocyte deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Tannins in faba bean hull (testa) offer frost tolerance during fall nights but may impair starch and crude protein (CP) digestibility. This study evaluated feeding novel low-vicine and covicine faba bean cultivars bred to reduce human health risk, with varying tannin levels on digestibility of energy, starch, CP, and amino acids (AA) in growing pigs. In a Youden square design, 13 ileal-cannulated barrows (32.6 ± 2.5 kg) were fed 1 of 9 faba bean cultivar diets (950 g/kg) and a nitrogen-free diet to correct for endogenous losses over 9˗11 periods consisting of 4 d of diet adaptation, 2 d of faecal collection, and 2 d of digesta collection. Low vicine and covicine, zero-tannin cultivars were CDC 219-16, DL 19.7202, DL Nevado, and Navi. Low vicine and covicine, tannin-containing cultivars were Allison, Dosis, Fabelle, and Victus. Cultivar starch and CP content averaged 381 and 276 g/kg (as is), respectively. Total and insoluble fibre were both 11% greater in zero-tannin than mid-tannin cultivars. Amino acid content across cultivars averaged 18 g/kg Lys, 9 g/kg Thr, 5 g/kg Met + Cys, and 2 g/kg Trp. Cultivar vicine and covicine content was low (0.83 g/kg and 0.07 g/kg, respectively) except for CDC 219-16 (5.40 and 1.97 g/kg). Tannin content in mid-tannin cultivars was 83% greater than in zero-tannin (13.3 vs. 7.3 g/kg). Coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) were 8% and 10% greater, respectively, in zero-tannin than mid-tannin diets (P < 0.01). Coefficient of apparent hindgut fermentation (CAHF) of DM and GE were 45% and 77% greater in zero-tannin than mid-tannin diets (P < 0.01). Zero-tannin cultivars had 5% greater coefficient of standardized ileal digestibility (CSID) of CP and most AA than mid-tannin, except for Trp that was 9% lower (P < 0.01). Zero-tannin vs. mid-tannin cultivars also provided 10% greater digestible energy (DE) and predicted net energy (NE) values (13.36 vs. 12.13 MJ DE/kg; 8.62 vs. 7.77 MJ NE/kg, respectively; P < 0.01). In conclusion, despite greater fibre content, novel low-vicine and covicine zero-tannin cultivars had greater CATTD and CAHF of DM and GE, greater CSID of CP and AA, and greater DE and NE values than the mid-tannin cultivars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".