Efficacy of Balance Training and Motor Coordination Exercises on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Mild cognitive impairment, also known as central neuropathy, is a “new diabetic complication”. 10%–15% of diabetic patients having cognitive issues are converting to dementia. Aims and Objectives: This study evaluates the efficacy of balance training with motor coordination exercises on cognitive impairment and central reaction time. Methods: This pre–post experimental study was conducted on 30 ( n = 30) diabetic patients with cognitive impairment. Patients aged 35–55 years have glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.0%–8.0%. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale score (MoCA) score <24 with the presence of diabetes <5 years were included in the study. Patients were screened by the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Scale, Indian version (ACE-III), MoCA for cognitive functions and Stroop test for central reaction time. Outcome variables were measured at 2 points, on 1 st day and at the end of 5 th week. Patients with hypertension, neurodegenerative disorders, visual impairments, and hearing impairments were excluded. Results: After 5-week intervention, there was improvement in the mean score of ACE-III from 42.2 ± 5 to 48.8 ± 3 with ( P = 0.02), whereas MoCA means score improved from 19.3 ± 2 to 24.6 ± 2 ( P = 0.03) and mean score of Stroop test was improved from 60 s ± 2 to 8 s ± 2 ( P = 0.04). Conclusions: We conclude that there is improvement in memory, visuospatial skills, and concentration which further reflected upon aiding central reaction time; however, no significant improvement was observed in executive skills and abstract thinking.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".