Identification of buildings in Panama's Old Quarter (Casco Antiguo) with resonance potential during earthquakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Panama’s Old Quarter, the Casco Antiguo of Panama (CAP), is renowned for its historical and architectural value. Protecting this UNESCO World Heritage site requires research sensitive to its distinct geological and structural features. This study aims to identify buildings within CAP that may be susceptible to soil-building resonance effects, which can amplify structural responses during earthquakes if the fundamental periods of the soil ( T g ) and buildings ( T 1 ) align. To determine T g and T 1 , ambient noise (microtremors) measurements were conducted using a portable seismometer in free-field areas (12 sites) and selected buildings (38 structures). The data were analyzed using spectral ratio techniques: horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) for soils and top-to-base horizontal component ratios (H i /H 0 ) for buildings. T g values were used to create a microzonation map, which showed mostly low T g values indicative of stiff soil in the area. An equation was developed to estimate fundamental periods for unmeasured buildings. This allowed for a comprehensive map of T 1 across CAP. Most buildings, predominantly low-rise masonry, exhibited low T 1 values. By overlaying the T g and T 1 maps, buildings at risk of resonance effects were identified, with approximately 5 % classified as having a high potential of resonance. These buildings could experience amplified structural responses, suggesting an elevated seismic risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".