Interaction of pea protein isolate with betanin in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) extract: Influence on structure, antioxidant properties and stability at pH 3
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Betanin, the red pigment in red beet extract (RBE), is susceptible to degradation under acidic conditions, limiting its application as a colorant and ingredient in food products. This study investigated complex formation between betanin in RBE with pea protein isolate (PPI) to improve the stability of betanin at pH 3. Spectroscopic analysis showed that the interactions between PPI and RBE affected the secondary and tertiary structure of PPI, and a transition from α-helical to β-sheet conformation occurred. Gel-electrophoresis confirmed that PPI proteins were involved in PPI-RBE interactions. Furthermore, the size of PPI-RBE particles was found to increase with an increase in RBE concentration. As the PPI-RBE complex had improved antioxidant activity and long-term refrigerated stability compared to the RBE control, this indicates that PPI-RBE complexes could expand the applicability of betanin as a natural colorant and antioxidant in acidic foods while also increasing nutritional value with the added pea protein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".