Experimental investigation of exposed column base plate connections subjected to combined axial load and biaxial bending
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most important structural elements of steel moment-resisting frames is the column base plate (CBP) connection, which consists of the base plate, grout, footing, anchor rods with nuts and washers. CBP connections are crucial components of a steel structure's overall design as they utilize anchor rods to transfer the forces applied to base columns through a base plate and grout pad into the concrete foundation. Wind and earthquake events exert bidirectional lateral loads on the base plate of the CBP connection. Prior research examined uniaxial lateral loading in conjunction with axial load; however, they did not offer any recommendations for exposed CBP connections under both axial and biaxial lateral loading. This paper experimentally investigates four large-scale CBP connection specimens subjected to combined axial load and bi-directional lateral loading to observe the effects of varying anchor rod pattern and base plate thickness. The moment-rotation capacity, base plate uplift, anchor rod yielding, connection strength ratio and rigidity of CBP connection were analyzed. The results indicate that the failure mode was governed by strong column/weak connection mechanism. Moreover, base connection with eight bolts showed higher rotational stiffness compared to connection with four bolts. Finally, it was determined how well the AISC rectangular stress block approach calculated the tension force demand on CBP connection’s anchor rods when subjected to combined axial load and biaxial moment. The outcomes of this study are expected to provide useful references for the development of CBP connection design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".