Children With Bilateral Cochlear Implants Show Emerging Spatial Hearing of Stationary and Moving Sound
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spatial hearing in children with bilateral cochlear implants (BCIs) was assessed by: (a) comparing localization of stationary and moving sound, (b) investigating the relationship between sound localization and sensitivity to interaural level and timing differences (ILDs/ITDs), (c) evaluating effects of aural preference on sound localization, and (d) exploring head and eye (gaze) movements during sound localization. Children with BCIs ( n = 42, M Age = 12.3 years) with limited duration of auditory deprivation and peers with typical hearing (controls; n = 37, M Age = 12.9 years) localized stationary and moving sound with unrestricted head and eye movements. Sensitivity to binaural cues was measured by a lateralization task to ILDs and ITDs. Spatial separation effects were measured by spondee-word recognition thresholds (SNR thresholds) when noise was presented in front (colocated/0°) or with 90° of left/right separation. BCI users had good speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in quiet but higher SRTs in noise than controls. Spatial separation of noise from speech revealed a greater advantage for the right ear across groups. BCI users showed increased errors localizing stationary sound and detecting moving sound direction compared to controls. Decreased ITD sensitivity occurred with poorer localization of stationary sound in BCI users. Gaze movements in BCI users were more random than controls for stationary and moving sounds. BCIs support symmetric hearing in children with limited duration of auditory deprivation and promote spatial hearing which is albeit impaired. Spatial hearing was thus considered to be “emerging.” Remaining challenges may reflect disruptions in ITD sensitivity and ineffective gaze movements.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".