3153 Comparison of Free-Cog with the Mini-Mental State Examination and Lawton-Brody functional scales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction The Free-Cog is a brief cognitive test designed to capture decline in both general cognition and executive function. The Free-Cog has been validated by comparison with the Mini-Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination in a UK secondary care setting. Here, we compare Free-Cog to the routinely-used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Physical Self-Maintenance Scales (PSMS). Methods Patients from three memory clinics were recruited (n = 298 records). The Free-Cog, MMSE, IADL and PSMS were administered in-person (n = 267), via telephone (n = 17), or virtually using video conferencing (n = 12). The four tests were compared using Pearson correlation and ability to predict dementia diagnosis using binary logistic regression and the area under receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curves. Preliminary results In-person Free-Cog score correlations ranged from strong (MMSE; r = 0.86, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: [0.82–0.89], p < 0.001), to moderate (IADL (r = 0.56, 95% CI: [0.46–0.64], p = <0.001) to weak with the PSMS (r = 0.23, 95% CI: [0.10–0.35], p = <0.001). The Telephone Free-Cog only correlated significantly with MMSE (r = 0.73, 95% CI: [0.39–0.90], p < 0.001) and virtual Free-Cog with MMSE (r = 0.92, 95% CI: [0.74–0.98], p < 0.001) and IADL (r = 0.63, 95% CI: [0.09–0.88], p = 0.03). Each 1-point increase in Free-Cog (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.84, 95% CI: [0.76–0.92], p < 0.001) decreased the odds of being diagnosed with dementia, as the MMSE (OR: 0.79, 95%CI: [0.69–0.90], p < 0.001), and IADL (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: [0.58–0.92], p < 0.01). The Free-Cog (AUROC = 0.79) best discriminated between dementia and diagnosed otherwise, followed by MMSE (AUROC = 0.74), and IADL (AUROC = 0.69), whereas the PSMS did not (AUROC = 0.43). Conclusion The Free-Cog appears to be a free-of-cost, valid alternative to the routinely used MMSE, and supplements the IADL scale in capturing cognitive and functional changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases of cognition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".