Morphologic and functional alterations in the parasagittal dural space in mild cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to identify morphologic and functional differences in the parasagittal dural space (PSD) between patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively unimpaired participants using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE MRI). A total of 29 MCI patients and nine controls underwent structural MRI and DCE MRI, where PSD volume and parameters such as peak wash-in rate and time to first peak enhancement were assessed. MCI patients had significantly larger PSD volume (P = 0.023), a lower peak wash-in rate (P < 0.001), and delayed time to first peak (P = 0.001) compared to controls. In multivariate regression analysis, PSD volume (β = -0.579, 95% CI [-1.072 - -0.086], P = 0.023) and wash-out rate (β = -3.293, 95% CI [-6.351 - -0.235], P = 0.036) were significantly associated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Additionally, a lower peak wash-in rate correlated significantly with lower cognitive performance, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (P = 0.043). This association highlights a potential link between meningeal lymphatic dysfunction and cognitive decline, suggesting that PSD alterations could reflect early stages of neurodegenerative changes. In conclusion, these PSD structural and functional alterations in MCI patients may serve as early imaging markers, helping in the assessment of disease severity in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. This insight into meningeal lymphatic dysfunction provides a promising direction for early diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".