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Ethnographic information about the Kabardians in Russian sources of the last third of the 18th – first quarter of the 19th century

2025· article· en· W4412044562 on OpenAlex
Kushkhabiev Anzor V.

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueKavkazologiya · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCultural, Linguistic, Economic Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersSoochow UniversityNorthwestern University
KeywordsQuarter (Canadian coin)EthnographyHistoryArchaeology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The article presents an analysis of some ethnographic information on the Kabardians, recorded in Russian sources of the last third of the 18th – first quarter of the 19th century: office documents, narrative materials, etc. It is shown that they contain contradictory – objective and tendentious assessments of information about the Kabardians. Statements recorded in the sources about the absence of laws and princely property in Kabarda, about the predatory nature of tax collection by princes, etc., as well as the listing of a significant number of negative qualities allegedly inherent in the ethnic character of the Kabardians and other peoples of the North Caucasus, are refuted by information indicating the opposite. In the reviewed sources, demographic and statistical infor-mation is considered mainly in the context of describing the political situation in the region. The positions of the tsarist authorities and the Kabardian political elite on the territorial problem are presented. They recorded a significant decrease in the number of Kabardians by 9-10 times and, as a consequence, a decrease in the military potential of Kabarda. Some sources contain recommen-dations from military officials to eliminate the system of military education of the sons of Circas-sian feudal lords in order to establish full administrative and legal control over Kabarda.

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Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.144
Threshold uncertainty score0.972

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it