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Record W4412047298 · doi:10.1042/cs20255853

Endothelin antagonists for hypertension: has their time finally arrived?

2025· review· en· W4412047298 on OpenAlexaff
Ernesto L. Schiffrin

Bibliographic record

VenueClinical Science · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Canadian institutionsJewish General Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineEndothelin receptorBlood pressureEndothelin receptor antagonistAntagonistPharmacologyEndothelin 1Internal medicineEssential hypertensionReceptorPathophysiology of hypertensionResistant hypertensionEndocrinology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

There have been few new treatments introduced for hypertension in the last thirty years. The endothelin (ET) system was discovered in 1988, and in the following years, it was demonstrated that it participated in the elevation of blood pressure and vascular remodeling in experimental models of hypertension, particularly those with more severe forms of hypertension. Several selective and dual antagonists of ETA receptors (ETARs) and ETB receptors (ETBRs) were developed, but none reached marketing for human hypertension. Following a successful trial in resistant hypertension, a novel antihypertensive agent has been approved in Europe and in the U.S.A.: the dual ETAR/ETBR antagonist aprocitentan, which was recently approved for the treatment of hypertension in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, to lower blood pressure in adult patients who are not adequately controlled on other drugs. Thus, the time has finally arrived for ET antagonists in hypertension.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.988
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.159
GPT teacher head0.431
Teacher spread0.272 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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