Recent and on-going trials for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia: a review of the clinical trial databases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Levodopa)-induced dyskinesia remains a condition for which there are few therapeutic options available. Fortunately, the past 5 years have seen the completion of several clinical trials, some of which yielded positive and encouraging results. Here, we performed a review of the clinical trials that were completed or for which outcomes were disclosed within the past 5 years. Promising results were obtained in Phase II trials with the serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) agonist befiradol, the dopamine D3 receptor antagonist mesdopetam and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor CPL500036. In contrast, the metabotropic glutamate 4 (mGlu4) receptor negative allosteric modulator foliglurax and JM-010 (a combination of the 5-HT1A partial agonist buspirone and the and the 5-HT type 1B and 1D [5-HT1B/1D] agonist zolmitriptan) did not meet their endpoints in Phase II studies. Lastly, robot-assisted Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of the pre-supplementary motor area may be a promising non-pharmacological approach to alleviate dyskinesia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".