Reducing the sense of separation: Investigating the temporal association of continuum beliefs and interconnected explanations with stigma and advocacy for individuals with anxiety disorders and schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and aims Social stigma has been adversely affecting various aspects of life for people with mental illness across different cultural contexts, highlighting an urgent need to reduce this stigma. It has been theorized that a sense of separation is a key component of stigmatization, and addressing this component is considered a feasible way to reduce social stigma. This study aimed to investigate the temporal relationship between continuum belief and interconnected explanations—constructs thought to address the sense of separation—and their impact on stigma and collective action for people with anxiety disorders and schizophrenia and their mechanism. Continuum belief views mental illness as existing on a spectrum of severity, rather than as a binary state of normality versus mental disorder. Interconnected explanation refers to the perception that individuals see themselves as contributing factors to the welfare of those with mental illness. Methods Valid responses were collected from 377 participants who reported that they did not have a history of clinical diagnosis of mental illness (57% women; mean age = 21.55 years, SD = 5.15) from a public university in Hong Kong at baseline. A total of 308 (82%) and 305 (81%) valid responses were collected from the same group of participants at 1-month and 2-month follow-up assessments, respectively. Results Perceived similarity did not mediate the relationship between continuum belief and stigma or collective action, both concurrently and prospectively, after controlling for interconnected explanation, interconnected accountability, and previous contact experiences. However, interconnected accountability significantly mediated the relationship between interconnected explanation and both the intention to participate in and actual participation in collective action, but not stigma, for people with anxiety disorders and people with schizophrenia, both concurrently and prospectively. Conclusion This study provides evidence supporting the potential of interconnected explanation in promoting collective action for people with mental illness. It also offers insights into how continuum belief might be utilized for stigma reduction and advocacy promotion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".