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Record W4412067041 · doi:10.1080/14767724.2025.2527147

Pursuing intra-country cross-border higher education: an exploration of Macao students’ motivations to study in mainland Chinese universities

2025· article· en· W4412067041 on OpenAlex
Ziyan Liu, Xiaoyuan Li, Kun Dai

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueGlobalisation Societies and Education · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInternational Student and Expatriate Challenges
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHigher educationMainland ChinaMainlandPolitical scienceEconomic growthCross-culturalStudy abroadChinaSociologyPedagogyGeographyEconomics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study explores the motivations of Macao students to pursue intra-country cross-border higher education (HE) at mainland Chinese universities. Data was collected from in-depth interviews with 20 Macao students in mainland Chinese universities, supplemented by the universities’ recruitment and scholarship policies toward SAR students. Informed by a revised ‘push-pull’ model and the notion of migration infrastructures, the findings reveal that societal infrastructures in Macao and mainland China under the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ guiding framework form a push-pull dynamic to shape Macao students’ intra-country cross-border mobility aspirations. Institutional infrastructures mainly manifested as Macao’s uneven HE development and preferential enrolment policies in mainland Chinese institutions further push and pull students to study in the mainland. Finally, students showcase agency in pursuing cross-border HE by strategically responding to these infrastructural influences through individual push-pull factors. The findings implicate on the increasing convergence between Macao and mainland China under the Greater Bay Area (GBA) initiative, as well as its impact on the regionalisation of Chinese HE and Macao’s post-colonial transformation through intra-country cross-border student mobility. Insights into Macao’s context and unique HE system in relation to Chinese HE fill a notable gap. Future research can explore Macao students’ mobility experiences in more depth.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.171
Threshold uncertainty score0.744

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.031
GPT teacher head0.447
Teacher spread0.416 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it