Anterior cubital approach for the treatment of T-condylar fractures of the humerus in adolescents and children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A retrospective study compared the anterior cubital approach to the triceps-sparing approach for treating T-condylar humerus fractures in 19 children and adolescents from January 2008 to May 2023. Patients were divided into group A (seven patients, mean age 10.7 years, triceps-sparing) and group B (12 patients, mean age 11.32 years, anterior cubital). Outcomes included surgical duration, incision length, scarring [Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS)], neurovascular complications, and functional results [Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and Flynn's criteria]. Group A had a mean incision length of 8.60 cm, surgery duration of 68.29 min, and VSS scores averaging 3.71, with five excellent and two good MEPS results, and five excellent, one good, and one fair Flynn's outcomes. Two patients had radial nerve palsy. Group B showed a shorter mean incision length of 4.63 cm, surgery duration of 51.42 min, and VSS scores averaging 1.33, with 10 excellent and two good results for both MEPS and Flynn's criteria. One patient developed cubitus varus, with one case each of radial and median nerve palsy. Significant differences were found in surgery duration, incision length, and scarring, but functional outcomes were comparable. Multivariable regression, adjusted for confounders, validated significant associations of the anterior cubital approach with reduced surgery duration, shorter incision length, and lower VSS scores, with no significant difference in functional outcomes. The anterior cubital approach is minimally invasive, safe, and effective, offering shorter surgeries, smaller incisions, less scarring, and better neurovascular exploration, with similar functional recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".