Effect of 24-h Sleep Deprivation on Whole-Body Heat Loss in Older Males during Exercise in the Heat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Older adults commonly experience sleep deprivation, which has been observed to alter thermoregulatory function in young adults. This may exacerbate risks of heat-related injury and illness during heat stress, due to age-related reductions in heat loss capacity. However, whether sleep deprivation modulates thermoregulatory function in older adults remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the impact 24 h of total sleep deprivation has on whole-body heat loss during exercise-heat stress in older adults. METHODS: Following either a night of normal sleep or 24-h sleep deprivation, 10 older males (mean (SD); age 61 (4) yr) performed three 30-min exercise bouts at incrementally increasing rates of metabolic heat production (150, 200, 250 W·m -2 ), each separated by 15-min rest in hot, dry conditions (40°C, ~13% relative humidity). Whole-body total (dry + evaporative) heat loss and metabolic heat production were measured continuously using direct and indirect calorimetry, respectively, and used to calculate body heat storage. RESULTS: Peak whole-body total loss (mean difference (95% confidence interval), -12 (-20 to -3) W·m -2 ; P = 0.010) was reduced and body heat storage (0.60 (0.32 to 0.89) kJ·min -1 ; P = 0.002) increased during high-intensity exercise following sleep deprivation compared with normal sleep. However, evaporative heat loss (-10 (-20 to 1) W·m -2 ; P = 0.062) and dry heat gain (-2 (-9 to 5) W·m -2 ; P = 0.512) were not different between conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation impaired whole-body total heat loss in older males, leading to greater heat storage during exercise-heat stress. Thus, sleep-deprived older adults performing prolonged high-intensity exercise in hot conditions may be at a heightened risk of heat-related illness or injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".