High Coulombic Efficiency Plating and Stripping of Sodium for Reservoir-Free Sodium Solid-State Batteries at Low Stack Pressure
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
“Anode-free” sodium solid-state batteries (SSBs) based on earth-abundant materials are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. However, their deployment requires minimizing solid electrolyte|electrode interfacial resistances and forming a robust solid electrolyte|current collector interface. We demonstrate the dendrite-free deposition of sodium metal with >100 μm thickness, through a NaSICON (Na 3.4 Zr 2 Si 2.4 P 0.6 O 12 ) solid electrolyte, directly onto an aluminum current collector joined to the ceramic via a facile solid-state diffusion bonding method. Reversible sodium plating/stripping is achieved with Al|NaSICON laminates at a current density of 0.5 mA cm –2 for areal capacities of 1 and 3 mAh cm –2 under a stack pressure of ∼1 MPa. Long-term cycling is demonstrated over 300 cycles at 25 °C with an average Coulombic efficiency of >98%. Our work provides new insights into metal-ceramic contact and its influence on sodium nucleation and growth at solid|solid interfaces and suggests a path forward for the implementation of reservoir-free sodium SSBs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it