Palinspastic restoration of the Olympic orocline and its implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The topographic grain and bedrock structure of the Olympic Mountains define a convex-landward horseshoe shape in map view (the Olympic orocline) in the upper plate of the Cascadia subduction zone. This map curvature has been explained as a product of orogen/trench-normal deformation due to accretion and underplating. The basaltic Crescent Formation of the Siletzia terrane outcrops around the periphery of the Olympic Mountains and continues south, underlying much of the “Oregon forearc block.” Regional GPS and paleomagnetic studies demonstrate that the limbs of the Olympic orocline record opposite rotations during overall northward motion relative to cratonic North America. Here, we compile paleomagnetic and structural data to show that the Olympic orocline is a vertical-axis fold. We palinspastically undo the fold, showing that oroclinal folding accommodated 110 km of shortening of the Cascadia forearc. We suggest that subduction underthrusting initially produced a margin-parallel, oceanward-verging fold belt. Oroclinal folding resulted from pinning of the deformed, northward-translating forearc against the Coast Range buttress to the north. Oroclinal bending of the upper plate resulted in the landward retreat of the hinge zone away from the trench, giving rise to passive upward warping of the downgoing Juan de Fuca oceanic lithosphere beneath the growing orocline. Our model provides a deformation sequence that explains the Olympic Mountains as a result of margin-parallel translation and shortening of the Cascadia forearc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".