Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of I-Beams Strengthened with Side Plates
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study investigates the elastic lateral torsional buckling capacity for steel I-beams strengthened with side plates. The provision of side plates near the ends of a simply supported beam is intended to largely suppress end warping deformations, thus increasing beam lateral torsional buckling resistance. However, a shell-based finite-element investigation in the present study shows that such strengthening detail increases the beam’s susceptibility to distortional lateral buckling, a phenomenon that partially offsets the capacity gained by providing side plates, and complicates the quantification of the net gain achieved. The study first proposes practical details to suppress distortional effects. An approximate technique to quantify the critical moment for the strengthened system is then developed founded on an energy-based approximation in conjunction with dimensional analysis. A parametric study is next conducted to provide a database of runs to serve as a basis to develop design coefficients. The study culminates in a simple and reliable design-oriented critical moment equation for beams strengthened with side plates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it