From Camps to Plants: Protection Meets Productivity for Resettled Refugees
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on original research with former refugees working in Canada’s meatpacking sector and their family members, this paper traces the work trajectories of refugees resettled to Canada as permanent residents (PRs) and examines how this work and the processes of resettlement can constitute a form of liberal violence. Resettled refugees to Canada are those who are selected overseas based on humanitarian criteria and come to Canada as immigrants with permanent residence. Yet, tension quickly emerges upon arrival between their protection and their productivity. By definition, refugees are at once fleeing violence, threats of human rights atrocities, or persecution, yet some arrive to face a liberal violence, or “slow harm,” which may not violate laws at first glance, but nonetheless does damage once in Canada. Governments send resettled refugees to cities of all sizes, including small population centers—where employment prospects are limited—to difficult and dangerous work in meatpacking. Some choose hazardous food-processing jobs because they cannot find steady employment elsewhere. The study reveals the contradictions that resettled refugees experience in Canada: while offered legal protection through resettlement, many are only able to find employment in survival jobs that have high rates of injury and relatively poor pay. The article first interrogates the term “protection” in relation to refugees resettled by and to a liberal democratic state, namely Canada. Attention is then drawn to the gap between humanitarian protection, as legal status, and socioeconomic stability, given the reality of living and working “close to the bone” in a small one-industry town. Keywords: refugees, liberal violence, protection, precarious work, Canada
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it