Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 is involved in fasting and postprandial blood flow regulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aims Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) is a gastrointestinal hormone with pleiotropic functions, including vasodilatory and vasculoprotective effects. As GLP‐1 increases after a meal, it could be involved in adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) regulation. In one‐third of healthy people, the postprandial ATBF response to meals is blunted. Whether this responder/non‐responder phenomenon stems from an incretin defect is not known. Thus, we aimed to assess the implication of GLP‐1 in ATBF regulation and responder/non‐responder status. Materials and Methods ATBF at the anterior abdominal wall was recorded using the 133 Xenon washout technique. Fasting and post‐oral glucose ATBF were assessed during local microinfusion of a GLP‐1 receptor antagonist exendin(9‐39). Physiological ATBF was recorded at the control saline site. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured as well. Results Twenty‐seven healthy individuals (8 men) participated, and 14 responders (ATBF increase >50% of baseline values) and 13 non‐responders were identified. Compared to the control site, exendin(9‐39) significantly decreased fasting (0.16 [0.41; 0.04] vs. 0.04 [0.17; 0.14] mL 100 g −1 min −1 ; p = 0.001) and post‐glucose ATBF (iAUC: 45.2 [9.0; 150.9] vs. 49.8 [13.3; 216.6] mL 100 g −1 min −1 ; p < 0.001). Exendin(9‐39) led to comparable relative suppression of post‐glucose ATBF in responders and non‐responders (20.9 [45.6; 12.2] vs. 15.1 [66.5; −0.1] %; p = 0.84). In non‐responders, post‐glucose triacylglycerols (TAG) were significantly higher. Conclusions GLP‐1 seems to be involved in ATBF regulation, which is reduced when GLP‐1 action is blocked in situ, but has no role in the blunting of ATBF response in non‐responders. Blunted postprandial ATBF may be implicated in higher postprandial circulating TAG levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".