Enhancing stability and rate performance of Li <sub>2</sub>DHBQ cathodes in lithium-ion batteries via FEC-derived cathode–electrolyte interphase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organic cathode materials present a promising alternative for the inorganic counterparts in conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to lower cost, reduced environmental impact, renewability, and enhanced energy density. However, their practical application is hindered by dissolution in electrolytes, structural degradation, and sluggish lithium-ion transport. In this study, we introduce fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as an electrolyte additive to engineer a protective cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer, effectively mitigating cathode pulverization and enhancing battery stability of the organic cathode material, dilithium salt of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (Li₂DHBQ). Electrochemical, morphological, and compositional analyses, including CV, EIS, SEM, TEM, and XPS, confirm that an optimal 1% FEC concentration forms a uniform CEI layer, significantly improving structural integrity and reducing interfacial resistance. Consequently, the battery with 1% FEC retains 185 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 500 mA g⁻¹, with a capacity decay rate of just 0.049% per cycle, compared to 81 mAh g⁻¹ and 0.302% per cycle for the FEC-free battery. Additionally, the 1% FEC battery exhibits a capacitive charge storage contribution of up to 93.7%, resulting in excellent rate performance. These findings underscore the crucial role of CEI engineering in stabilizing organic cathodes, offering a practical approach to achieving high-rate and long-cycle LIBs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".