The Evolution of a Polar Cap Patch into a Blob in the Nightside Ionosphere: Direct Observations of Multiple Blob Formation Mechanisms acting Simultaneously on the Same Plasma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A polar cap patch was observed to exit the polar cap to become a blob as it entered the auroral oval on the nightside of the Earth under moderately quiet geomagnetic conditions (=3-). Auroral particle precipitation led to an increase in the electron density of the blob. Blobs can be formed by multiple formation mechanisms, including transportation effects and auroral precipitation. This blob exhibits characteristics which fit within the definitions of both boundary and auroral blobs. This study therefore presents direct observations of multiple blob formation mechanisms acting simultaneously on the same plasma. These observations were made using the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) radars. The polar cap patch was first observed in the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) and is later observed as a blob by the EISCAT VHF and UHF radars as the plasma moves antisunward from the polar cap and into the auroral oval. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars showed that the plasma was moving antisunward and data from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) provided support for the location of the auroral boundary. In addition, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers monitored the associated scintillation effects that were associated with large-scale structures. Overall, very low scintillation was observed suggesting that small-scale structures did not develop significantly during this period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".