Protective capacity of Rutin against oxidative damage induced by saline stress in the roots of the model organism Allium cepa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Salt stress limits plant growth by impairing physiological and biochemical processes, especially in roots, which are the main absorption organs. This study aimed to evaluate the phytoprotective potential of rutin against NaCl-induced salt stress in Allium cepa, focusing on morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Seeds were treated with 512 µg/mL and 1024 µg/mL rutin, both with 50 mM NaCl, and compared to a control group (NaCl only). Germination rate, root development, oxidative stress markers (TBARS, non-protein thiols, protein thiols), and elemental analysis of iron accumulation were measured. Rutin's effects were also analyzed using in silico molecular docking with the Allium cepa cytokinin-specific binding protein (PDB: 5VGL). The results showed that rutin (512 µg/mL) combined with NaCl reduced germination rate and root development, while 1024 µg/mL rutin + NaCl mitigated salt-induced damage, improving germination speed, leaf number, and reducing oxidative stress markers, particularly in roots. Elemental analysis revealed reduced iron accumulation in the 1024 µg/mL rutin + NaCl group. In molecular docking, rutin (- 8.8 kcal/mol) showed strong interactions with the target protein, forming hydrogen bonds and amide-π stacking interactions, suggesting its protective role. These findings demonstrate that rutin exerts a dose-dependent phytoprotective effect, particularly in roots, and highlights its potential as a natural compound to mitigate salinity stress in plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".