Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Development of mucosal influenza virus vaccines which protect the site of viral entry is of high importance. Recombinant neuraminidase (NA) has emerged as an antigenically conserved intranasal vaccine candidate, capable of inducing broad cross-protection, but it requires effective mucosal adjuvants. Here, we analyze the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a mucosal recombinant NA-based influenza virus vaccine adjuvanted with the outer membrane proteins from Neisseria meningitidis complexed with exogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Shigella flexneri or endogenous LPS from N. meningitidis. We observed increased follicular T-helper and germinal center B-cell population percentages in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, enhanced IgA and IgG antibody responses, and accumulation of lung-resident memory T cells. The vaccine provided complete protection against homologous and partial protection against a heterologous influenza virus (clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1) challenge. These findings underscore the potential of bacterial membrane-derived adjuvants for developing robust mucosal influenza vaccines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".