An Oxidation‐Resistant High Entropy Alloy for Aqueous Aluminum‐Battery Chemistries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Today Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries are ubiquitous from portable electronics to electric vehicles and grid energy storage. However, Li‐ion technology may not be sustainable in the long run; Li is scarce and comprises <0.0065% of the earth's crust. Aluminum (Al) on the other hand, is the most earth‐abundant metal and offers an outstanding theoretical capacity due to three electron transfers per Al atom. However, traditional batteries that utilize Al‐metal face a major obstacle: the formation of a passivating Al₂O₃ layer that blocks Al 3 ⁺ movement. Here, an Al‐based high entropy alloy (Al‐HEA) is reported that enables efficient Al 3 ⁺ transport while also stabilizing the Al‐metal/aqueous‐electrolyte interface. First‐principles calculations reveal that the solid‐solution structure of the Al‐HEA leads Al atoms to transfer electrons to neighboring elements, which thermodynamically suppresses oxidation. Additionally, the Al‐HEA's oxidation process is kinetically sluggish compared to pure Al, keeping the alloy/electrolyte interface open for Al 3+ transport with minimal overpotential. Taking advantage of this, a high‐performing aqueous Al–Selenium (Al–Se) battery is demonstrated that leverages this unique chemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".