Identification and Functional Analysis of Male Sterility Genes in Hybrid Rice: Current Status and Future Prospects
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybrid rice breeding has significantly enhanced rice productivity worldwide, primarily through the utilization of male sterility (MS) systems. This paper summarizes the current status and future prospects of identifying and functionally analyzing MS genes in hybrid rice. Various types of MS, including cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of WA, HL, BT, DT various subtypes, and genic male sterility (GMS), have been characterized, with specific genes and loci identified for their roles in sterility and fertility restoration. For instance, the novel Fujian Abortive CMS system, controlled by the mitochondrial gene FA182 and restored by the nuclear gene OsRf19, has simplified the breeding process by providing stable MS and single-gene fertility restoration. Additionally, the broadly and/or potentially utilized genes PMS3 , TMS5 , and HMS1 , of photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS), temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) and humidity-sensitive genic male sterility (HGMS) have been mapped and functional studied , offering insights into their genetic control and potential for hybrid breeding. The identification of new fertility restorer genes, such as Rf18(t) and their chromosomal locations, further broadens our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying MS and fertility restoration. The use of novel strategies, such as combining CMS and GMS genes, has led to the creation of third-generation hybrid rice technology, which offers stable sterility and improved hybrid seed production. This review highlights the advancements in genetic mapping, molecular characterization, and the practical applications of MS genes in hybrid rice breeding, paving the way for future research and breeding strategies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it