Heat of hydration and chemical shrinkage of early-age hardening cement paste produced with calcium sulfoaluminate cement incorporating fly ash and limestone powder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study focuses on the early-age heat of hydration characteristics of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement paste, with emphasis on the influence of incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash (FA) at 20% and limestone powder (LP) at 15%, and a combined 20% FA and 15% LP (35%). With a water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.40, an isothermal calorimeter was used to evaluate the heat flow and the rate of heat release. Other experiments examined included chemical shrinkage, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The findings reveal that CSA cement paste exhibits early-age strength and faster heat-releasing rates during hydration compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste. Two types of exothermic peaks during hydration—dissolution exothermic and reaction exothermic peaks were observed on all systems studied. CSA cement paste showed a significant surge in chemical shrinkage during their initial stages due to their rapid and efficient hydration process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".