Progressive Failure Mechanism of Sensitive Clay Slopes: Insights From Stabilized Smoothed Particle Finite Element Analysis of the 2010 Saint‐Jude Landslide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Modeling landslides in sensitive clay has long been a challenging issue. In sensitive clays, the shear strength significantly decreases during plastic deformation, leading to the progressive failure of the slopes. Sensitive clays exhibit complex mechanical behavior, and even a small slope failure can often trigger massive landslides. This necessitates a numerical approach capable of handling large deformations, as well as a suitable constitutive model to accurately capture the intricate behavior of these clays. In this study, a novel viscosity‐based hourglass‐control algorithm is proposed to stabilize the node integration in smoothed particle finite element method (SPFEM), and two verification examples are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Then, the proposed stabilized SPFEM is employed to reconstruct the 2010 Saint‐Jude landslide in Quebec, Canada. The method successfully reproduces the progressive failure processes of the Saint‐Jude landslide and quantitatively compares the final run‐out distances and retrogression distances with the field survey data, showing a good agreement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".