Jack Kerouac, écrivain bilingue ? Questions sur les identités de l’écrivain et de son écriture:Jack Kerouac, bilingual writer? Questions about the identities of the writer and his writing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jack Kerouac, author of On the Road and co-founding father of the Beat Generation, is considered by many to be one of the great figures of American literature. But Kerouac, born in 1922 in Lowell, Massachusetts, came from a proletarian French-Canadian background.. It has long been known, thanks to television interviews and allusions in his English-language texts, that Kerouac also wrote in French. But it's especially since the publication of some of his French-language texts by Jean-Christophe Cloutier in 2016 and Joyce Johnsosn's new biography of the writer, The Voice is All, in which the author insists on the importance of his French-Canadian origins in his literature, that this question has become central: Indeed, how do you define a bilingual writer who has never published an single entire text in his native language? Is Kerouac an American or a French-Canadian writer? In the light of contemporary theories of colonial and post-colonial identity applied to this particular case, I will attempt to redefine the contours of what might be called a "literary identity" and what it implies in terms of fertility and conflict.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".