Ionospheric Scintillation and Geomagnetic Disturbance Caused by Space Hurricanes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A space hurricane is a large‐scale, cyclone‐shaped aurora characterized by a rotating magnetic structure and shears in plasma convection, driven by high‐latitude magnetic reconnection. It typically forms near the magnetic poles in summertime, providing an efficient energy transport channel from the solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere under northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Here, we present a detailed case study of a typical space hurricane that occurred on 20 August 2014 and its impact on the polar ionosphere in the Northern Hemisphere. Multi‐instrument observations from the Eureka GNSS receiver, SWARM and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites indicate that GPS signals experienced enhanced phase scintillation near a space hurricane, coinciding with regions of large plasma density gradients and flow shears. Based on these in situ measurements, we estimated growth timescales of ∼94 s for gradient‐drift instability and ∼352 s for KHI, supporting the plausibility of both instabilities. These plasma instabilities likely generated small‐scale irregularities responsible for the observed scintillation effects on satellite signals. Geomagnetic data from the Greenland ground stations revealed intense local geomagnetic disturbances, likely associated with enhanced Hall currents driven by the upward field‐aligned currents linked to the space hurricane. In situ plasma observations from the DMSP and SWARM satellites revealed pronounced electron density enhancements and steep gradients on the morning side of the space hurricane, likely driven by ionospheric convection and soft particle precipitation. This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the space weather effects of space hurricanes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".