Validation of Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in patients with shoulder instability
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) has been used to evaluate psychological outcomes in patients with low back pain, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, and other orthopaedic conditions, but no previous study verified the validity of TSK for patients with glenohumeral instability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK‐13) in patients with glenohumeral instability. Methods The present study was designed as an observational study that includes individuals with a diagnosis of pathological glenohumeral instability. All patients underwent a structured interview to collect information on personal socio‐demographic and contextual characteristics at the time of enrolment. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the 13‐item version of the TSK‐13. The questionnaire is divided into two domains (subscales): activity avoidance (AA) and health anxiety (HA). Additionally, enroled patients were administered the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) questionnaire. The validation of the TSK questionnaire was conducted according to the analysis plan outlined in the IQOLA project and current guidelines. Correlation analysis was performed between TSK and ASES and WOSI. Results The study population consisted of 100 patients. The TSK‐13 questionnaire showed no floor and ceiling effects; all the correlations between each question in a given domain and the score of the same domain showed a very significant correlation ( p < 0.0001) with Pearson's correlation coefficient greater than 0.90. Regarding discriminant validity, for each domain, 100% of questions showed a higher correlation with the domain of belonging than with the other domains. Correlation analysis between the TSK and the other questionnaires showed a significant correlation between each domain (and the overall score of TSK‐13 and ASES and WOSI questionnaires. The internal consistency was good for each domain and for the overall score (Cronbach's α = 0.874, 0.787, and 0.851 for AA and HA and the overall score, respectively). Test‐retest reliability was excellent for both domains (ICCs = 0.927 and 0.878 for AA and HA domains, respectively), and the overall score (ICC = 0.915). Conclusion Measurement properties of the TSK‐13 in patients with glenohumeral instability were good to excellent in terms of validity and reliability. The TSK‐13 is a valid and useful instrument to assess kinesiophobia in patients affected by glenohumeral instability. Level of Evidence Level III, observational study.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it