An I/Q Imbalance Calibration Scheme for 5G Direct-Conversion Transmitter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This brief presents an I/Q imbalance calibration scheme for a 5G direct-conversion transmitter (TX). By utilizing a simple 1-bit phase-to-digital converter and 9-bit digital-to-analog converter, a quadrature phase error associated with fabrication tolerances can be minimized effectively using a binary search algorithm. This approach implements a continuous, real-time calibration that adaptively adjusts the resistive components of the type-I polyphase filter in response to detected phase errors, thereby ensuring precise phase alignment by dynamically compensating for I/Q imbalance without interrupting the primary signal path. The proposed idea is demonstrated in the LO path of a 5G direct-conversion transmitter in a 65-nm bulk CMOS technology. The measured image rejection ratio and LO feedthrough suppression ratio are maintained less than −52 dBc and −37 dBc, respectively, in the range of 27.5-29.5 GHz. The TX can support a peak data rate of 4.8 Gb/s at 28.5 GHz using 64-QAM and an error vector magnitude of −27.3 dB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".