Thermoresponsive BrushGel Microcarriers for Efficient Cell Expansion and Enzyme‐Reduced Harvesting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scaling up cell therapy requires efficient expansion of high-quality cells. Microcarrier(MC)-based systems offer high surface-to-volume ratios and reduce culture media usage. In this study, we developed BrushGel, a temperature-responsive MC composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel particles coated with poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer brushes via covalent grafting. BrushGel was fabricated using a flow-focusing droplet microfluidic device and functionalized using carbodiimide chemistry ( 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-N-Hydroxysuccinimide, EDC-NHS). The degree of PNIPAM coating was tuned by varying the degree of methacrylation (DOM) of GelMA and the concentration of PNIPAM. Human dermal fibroblast (HNDF) cells cultured on the BrushGel under dynamic conditions showed a 4.9 fold increase in cell density, 12-fold upregulation in COL1A1 gene expression and elevated procollagen protein secretion compared to static culture. Low temperature detachment (4 °C) yeilded up to 65% detachment efficiency with >95% post-detachment viability. Clinical grade human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) expnaded 5.3 fold over five days on BrushGel with 69% detachment efficiency and 80% post-harvest viability using 10-fold less enzyme. BrushGel supported over 10 days of culture in spinner flasks, enabling enzyme-minimized, scalable cell expansion. These findings position BrushGel as a promising platfrom for dyanmic cell culture systems in regenerative medicine.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".