Intrauterine Contraception Device Satisfaction and Continuation in an Urban Youth Clinic in British Columbia, Canada: A Longitudinal Survey Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective forms of contraception but may be underutilized by Canadian youth. Youth experiences with IUDs remain poorly understood. This study examined 6-month IUD continuation and satisfaction among youth (aged 12-24 years) attending a youth contraception clinic in Vancouver, British Columbia. METHODS: Participants completed surveys at baseline (patient characteristics) and at 2-6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-placement, measuring IUD continuation, satisfaction, side-effects, and menstrual symptoms. We examined baseline characteristics, IUD discontinuation, planned continuation beyond 6 months, and IUD type (levonorgestrel-releasing 'hormonal' or copper). We examined trajectories of reported satisfaction, side effects, and menstrual symptoms over 6 months post-placement. RESULTS: Among 140 participants, 86% (n = 120) chose a hormonal IUD. Five percent of participants removed their IUDs, and 5% had an expulsion. Most (86%) IUDs were in place at 6 months. Nearly all (99%) participants with an IUD in place at 6 months planned to continue use. IUD satisfaction was >90% at each follow-up for both IUD types. Cramping and spotting were the most frequently reported side effects; 49% of all respondents reported cramping at 2-6 weeks post-placement, with this frequency decreasing by 6 months for hormonal users. Copper IUD users experienced more bothersome heavy periods than hormonal users. Most (>70%) hormonal IUD users reported reduced menstrual pain, reduced duration, and reduced flow at 6 months post-placement. CONCLUSIONS: This study found low rates of IUD discontinuation, high satisfaction, and reduced menstrual side effects among youth over 6 months after IUD placement. This could inform youth-specific counselling for contraceptive method selection and IUD continuation decision-making soon after placement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".