AO Spine Clinical Practice Recommendations: Evaluation, Implications and Management of Osteoporosis in Adult Spinal Deformity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Study designLiterature review with clinical recommendation.ObjectivesTo provide the readers with a concise curation of the relevant spine literature regarding the identification and management of osteoporosis in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) and set out recommendations for how the practicing clinician should interpret and make use of this evidence.MethodsKey articles from the published literature surrounding osteoporosis in patients being treated for ASD were reviewed and clinical recommendations were formulated by consensus. The recommendations are dichotomously graded into strong and conditional after integrating an assessment of methodological quality and expert opinion. This opinion considers experience and practical issues such as risks, burdens, costs, patient values, and circumstances.Results6 articles were selected by practicing spinal deformity surgeons and each evaluated for the strength of methodology and scientific evidence.ConclusionsThe current evidence suggests that preoperative evaluation of osteoporosis before ASD surgery should be routine. Additionally, there is clinical benefit in using anabolic agents for at least 3 months to improve bone stock and prevent mechanical complications. While high quality, strong evidence is still yet to be reported, all healthcare providers managing patients with ASD should be aware of the importance of bone health for optimizing post-operative outcomes and minimising complications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".