ANALYSIS OF GESTURE PRODUCTION IN PORTUGUESE INFANTS WITH AND WITHOUT HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of communicative gestures produced by Portuguese infants with and without hearing impairment aged between 8 and 18 months. The participants in this study were 37 infants with normal hearing and 4 infants with hearing impairment. The participants were recruited from kindergartens in the central and southern regions of the country and from a hospital in the central region of Portugal. The results of this study show that as young children grow, they become increasingly confident about the effect of their communicative gestures on adults, and the characteristics of the gestures become more refined or complex; although young children with hearing impairment use communicative gestures in a similar way to their peers, the characteristics of their gesture production differ. The present study emphasizes the importance of characterizing children's gestures in the prelinguistic period, as it allows a better understanding of how the communication process develops and how gestures are used. It is expected that the differences found between different age groups and between children with and without hearing impairment will help Portuguese professionals in more efficient clinical and educational assessment and intervention processes. Article visualizations:
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".