Atomically Dispersed Ni–Cu Dual Sites: Efficient Electrocatalytic Conversion of 4-Nitrophenol to <i>p</i>-Aminophenol in a Hybrid Acid/Alkali Flow Electrolyzer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
4-Nitrophenol (4-NP), a toxic and recalcitrant pollutant, necessitates effective remediation strategies. Here, a noble metal-free NiCu-NC electrocatalyst is developed, where dual atomic Ni–Cu sites are elegantly anchored on a rhombic dodecahedral nitrogen-doped carbon matrix, enabling selective electrochemical reduction of 4-NP into value-added p -aminophenol (4-AP). This catalyst achieves a low overpotential and a high Faradaic efficiency of 95.7% for 4-AP production. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the NiCu dual-atom configuration minimizes the energy barrier for the rate-determining step, thereby enhancing catalytic performance. Furthermore, a hybrid acid/alkali flow electrolysis cell is designed to couple the cathodic 4-NP reduction with the anodic oxygen evolution. This system maintains stable operation for over 400 h while maintaining a high Faradaic efficiency (>91%) and near-complete conversion (99%) for valorization of 4-NP. This work demonstrates a practical electrocatalytic approach for pollutant transformation and chemical production with potential implications for wastewater treatment and resource utilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".