Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The brain has a remarkable capacity for change, via a process known as neural plasticity, and this capacity allows the brain to adapt to changing internal and external environments. There are periods during brain development and maturation in which the brain is especially labile, and these periods are known as critical and sensitive periods. Critical periods are times during which specific environmental experiences are required for the maturation of specific brain regions or functions and in which specific experiences result in irreversible changes in brain organization and function. Sensitive periods refer to times during which the brain is unusually responsive to a wide range of experiences including internal events such as hormone release or external events such as music. Both types of periods are initiated by the timing of the appropriate balance of excitatory and inhibitory (E-I) inputs. When various factors stimulate GABA, a neurotransmitter, this changes the E-I balance, leading to a sequence of molecular events, which induce plastic changes in neurons. This plastic period closes as perineuronal nets develop around the cell body and put the brakes on plasticity. Two special sensitive times are in the early postnatal years and again in adolescence. Early experiences such as trauma or stress can influence the effects of adolescent experiences such as consumption of psychoactive drugs. Research is continuing to investigate what mechanisms of plasticity are triggered in critical and sensitive periods.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".